Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) was an army officer who founded an independent Republic of Turkey out of the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. He then served as Turkey’s first president from 1923 until his death in 1938, implementing reforms that rapidly secularized and westernized the country.
Atatürk‘s death in Istanbul on November 10, 1938, caused an outpouring of grief throughout the Turkish nation. With much ceremony, the president’s body was transported to Ankara and placed in a temporary tomb from which it was transferred in 1953 to a newly completed
Furthermore,Who was the winner of the Turkish War of Independence?
Establishing a provisional government in the present-day Turkish capital Ankara (known in English at the time as Angora), he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence.
One may also ask,Who was the first President of the Republic of Turkey?
Kemal Atatürk (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1934, commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938.
When did Ataturk take command of the Seventh Army?
When Mehmed VI became the new Sultan of the Ottoman Empire in July 1918, he called Atatürk to Constantinople, and in August 1918 assigned him to the command of the Seventh Army in Palestine. Atatürk arrived in Aleppo on 26 August 1918, then continued south to his headquarters in Nablus.
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What did Ataturk exactly does to Turkey?
Ataturk led the Turkish War of Independence and signed the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, which made Turkey a republic. He was elected its first president and ushered in reforms that modernized Turkey.
Why was Kemal Ataturk important to Turkey?
Why was Kemal Atatürk important? Kemal Atatürk was founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, having galvanized the Turkish people after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. He implemented an ambitious program of modernization and broadly transformed the legal and social systems of Turkish life.
What changes did Ataturk make to Turkey?
As the president of the newly formed Turkish Republic, Atatürk initiated a rigorous program of political, economic, and cultural reforms with the ultimate aim of building a modern, progressive and secular nation-state. He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country.
Why was Kemal Ataturk called the father of the Turks?
The assembly gave Mustafa Kemal the name Atatürk (“Father of the Turks”). After having settled Turkey firmly within its national borders and set it on the path of modernization, Atatürk sought to develop his country’s foreign policy in similar fashion.
What is the major religion in Turkey?
Religion in Turkey. Islam is the largest religion in Turkey according to the state, with 99.9% of the population being initially registered by the state as Muslim, for anyone whose parents are not of any other officially recognised religion and the remaining 0.1% are Christians or adherents of other officially recognised religions like Judaism.
Why was Kemal Ataturk called the father of the Turks?
The assembly gave Mustafa Kemal the name Atatürk (“Father of the Turks”). After having settled Turkey firmly within its national borders and set it on the path of modernization, Atatürk sought to develop his country’s foreign policy in similar fashion.
How did the Turks influence the spread of Islam?
The Turks were part of a powerful military empire that unified the region under a Middle Eastern religion called Islam, playing a major role in the spread of Muslim culture leading up to the international religious wars called the Crusades. Are you a student or a teacher?
When did Ataturk become the father of modern Turkey?
In 1934, when the surname law was adopted, the national parliament gave him the name “Atatürk” (Father of the Turks). On November 10, 1938, following an illness of a few months, the national liberator and the Father of modern Turkey died. But his legacy to his people and to the world endures.
How did Kemal Ataturk change Turkey?
Kemal Atatürk was founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, having galvanized the Turkish people after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. He implemented an ambitious program of modernization and broadly transformed the legal and social systems of Turkish life . Nov 6 2019
What did Kemal Ataturk do for the Turks?
Eight years later, he required all Turks to choose a surname, selecting Atatürk (literally Father Turk) as his own. By that time, Atatürk’s government had joined the League of Nations, improved literacy rates and given women the right to vote, though in practice he essentially imposed single-party rule.
Who was the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire?
Although the legal Ottoman government in Istanbul under the 36th and last Ottoman sultan, Mehmed VI (Vahideddin; ruled 1918–22), had decided that resistance to Allied demands was impossible, pockets of resistance remained in Anatolia—the rump of…
Why did Kemal Ataturk wear a European style hat?
Mustafa Kemal went on a speaking tour of Anatolia during which he wore a European-style hat, setting an example for the Turkish people. In Istanbul and elsewhere there was a run on materials for making hats. In the same year, the religious brotherhoods, strongholds of conservatism, were outlawed.
What percent of the population in Turkey is Muslim?
According to religiosity poll conducted in Turkey in 2019 by OPTİMAR, 89.5% of the population identifies as Muslim, 4.5% believed in God but did not belong to an organized religion, 2.7% were agnostic, 1.7% were atheist, and 1.7% did not answer. [11][12]Most Muslims in Turkey are Sunnis, forming about 85% of the overall Muslim denominations.
Do Turks follow Islam?
Islam is the most practiced religion in the country. The established presence of Islam in the region that now constitutes modern Turkey dates back to the latter half of the 11th century, when the Seljuks started expanding into eastern Anatolia.
Where are the statues of Kemal Ataturk located?
The Atatürk Mausoleum, Ankara, Turkey. Atatürk is omnipresent in Turkey. His portrait is in every home and place of business and on the postage and bank notes. His words are chiseled on important buildings. Statues of him abound.
What did Kemal Ataturk wear on his speaking tour?
In 1925, wearing the fez was prohibited—thereafter Turks wore Western-style headdress. Mustafa Kemal went on a speaking tour of Anatolia during which he wore a European-style hat, setting an example for the Turkish people. In Istanbul and elsewhere there was a run on materials for making hats.
Why was the Seljuk Turks important to Islam?
Because they were located right at the crossroads of the Christian and Muslim worlds, the Seljuk Turks were key figures in the Holy Wars.
Where did the Turks live in the 12th century?
Around the 12th century, Europeans were referring to the Anatolian Peninsula, which is the area between the Mediterranean and Black Seas, as the land of the Turks, or Turkey.
Who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey?
Known For: Atatürk was a Turkish nationalist who founded the Republic of Turkey. Also Known As: Mustafa Kemal Pasha. Born: May 19, 1881 in Salonica, Ottoman Empire. Parents: Ali Rıza Efendi and Zubeyde Hanim. Died: November 10, 1938 in Istanbul, Turkey. Spouse: Latife Usakligil (m.
What did Kemal Ataturk do at the end of WW1?
One of the great figures of the 20th century, Atatürk rescued the surviving Turkish remnant of the defeated Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I. He galvanized his people against invading Greek forces who sought to impose the Allied will upon the war-weary Turks and repulsed aggression by British, French, and Italian troops.
Who ruled Turkey after Ataturk?
of the presidential succession. The day after Atatürk’s death, the Grand National Assembly elected his chief lieutenant, Inönü, president. Celal Bayar, who had succeeded Inönü as prime minister in 1937, continued in that office.
Is the old Ataturk Airport still in use?
Turkish Airlines and low-cost carrier Onur Air have kept their HQs at Atatürk despite passenger services moving to the new airport. Both the old Atatürk Airport and the new Istanbul Airport are situated on the European side of the city.
Who was the first President of the Republic of Turkey?
Kemal Atatürk (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1934, commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938.
What is the history of Turkish Muslims?
The established presence of Islam in the region that now constitutes modern Turkey dates back to the latter half of the 11th century, when the Seljuks started expanding into eastern Anatolia. According to some religiosity polls conducted in Turkey, 97% of the population identifies as Muslim, and more than 3% is non-religious.
How did Kemal Ataturk stop the Greek advance?
In August and September 1921, with Mustafa Kemal at the head of the army, the Turks stopped the Greek advance at the Battle of Sakarya. The following August, they launched an offensive that broke the Greek lines and sent them into a full-scale retreat all the way back to Smyrna on the Mediterranean Sea.
How did the Turkic people influence the Mongol Empire?
The Turkic people held Anatolia in some form or another, and the Islamic religion maintained an influential presence. When Anatolia became incorporated into the massive Mongol Empire in the 13th century, Turkic people were partly responsible for the important role that Islam played after the conversion of Mongol rulers.
Who was the Prime Minister during Kemal Ataturk’s rule?
He was replaced by İsmet İnönü, prime minister during most of Atatürk’s rule, who continued his policies of secularization and westernization. Even though Atatürk retains iconic status in Turkey today—in fact, insulting his memory is a crime— Islam has reemerged in recent years as a social and political force.
Is it true that Ataturk died way too early?
Ataturk died way too early, without completing his work. Since the mid 50’s Turkey is struggling with a semi-democracy. Countries like Turkey do NOT need democracy. They need good leaders, or should be ruled the Chinese way. A late comer like China not just passed developing countries but also one be one developed countries.